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Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through chemical communication and gut symbionts: compounds consisting of hydrocarbons discharged from the cuticle allow the recognition of alien termite species.148149 Each colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is a result of genetic and environmental elements like the termites' diet and also the composition of the bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.

Termites rely on alert communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be discharged when the nest has been breached or is being attacked by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites constantly avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Other procedures of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids in the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.

In some species, some soldiers obstruct tunnels to prevent their enemies from entering the nest, and they might deliberately rupture themselves as an act of defence.153 In scenarios where the intrusion is coming from a violation which is bigger than the soldier's mind, defence demands a distinctive formations where soldiers shape a phalanx-like formation around the breach and sting at intruders.154 If an invasion completed by Megaponera analis is successful, an entire colony may be destroyed, even though this scenario is infrequent.154.

To termites, any breach of their tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites discover a potential breach, the soldiers usually bang their heads, apparently to attract other troops for defence and to recruit additional employees to repair any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite lumps into other termites which induces them to be alarmed and to leave pheromone trails to the disturbed area, which can be a way to recruit extra workers.56.

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The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae includes a specialised caste of soldiers, known as nasutes, that possess the capability to exude noxious liquids through a horn-like frontal projection they use for defence.155 Nasutes have lost their mandibles through the course of evolution and have to be fed by workers.59 A wide variety of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the fluids that nasutes secrete.156 Similarly, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to protect their nests.157.

Soldiers of those species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a large gland just beneath the surface of the cuticles. The thick, yellow fluid in the gland becomes quite tacky on contact with the atmosphere, entangling ants or other insects which are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, also engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a cube which denies entry to any attacker.161.

Employees use many different approaches to take care of their deceased, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse entirely.162163164 To avoid pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate carries a corpse from the colony to eliminate it everywhere.165 Which approach is utilized depends on the nature of the corpse a worker is dealing with (i.e.

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A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These tiny brown chunks, known as"termite balls", rarely kill the eggsand in some circumstances the employees tend to them.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking site here behaviour exists between different species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain particular species within Reticulitermes.

This chemical mimicry allows the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes enables the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Some species of ant are known to catch termites to use as a brand new food source after on, rather than killing them. By way of instance, Formica nigra captures termites, and those who try to escape are immediately captured and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species go in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants like Megaponera analis assault the outside of mounds and Dorylinae ants assault underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both inhabited and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants reside in Nasutitermes mounds is due to the termites' frequent occurrence in their own geographical range; another is to shield themselves from flooding.174175 Iridomyrmex also inhabits termite mounds but no evidence for any kind of relationship (other than a predatory one) is known.116 In rare cases, certain species of termites live inside busy ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes pop over to these guys are termitophiles and dwell inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a result, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their hosts.